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J. MONTGOMERY.

Car A'xlq. I

Patent d June 2, 1868.

JAMES MONTGOMERY, or GROTON, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent 1V0. 78,467, dated Jime 2, 1868; (mteclated Mag] 16, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN GAR-AXLES AND WHEELS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

13 it known that I, Jniuns MONTGOMERY, of the village of .Croton, in the county of Westchester, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Railroad-Car Axles and Wheels thereto, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawing, forming part of'this specification, and in which- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal view of an axle in part with car-wheels attached, in accordance with my improvement.

Figure 2, an end view of the axle prior to its bars being welded together.

Figure 3, a face view of the outer central and interior brace to the axle. v

Figure 4, a section taken transversely through the wheel, and longitudinally through the axle in part; and

Figure 5, a section taken, as indicated by the line x x in fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

. The nature of my invention consists, firstly, in constructing the axle, when made up of segmental bars, arranged to give to the axle a configuration resembling the double frustum of a cone, and of open character, substantially as represented in Letters Patent issued to me on the 24th day of April, 1860, by combining with said bars, for a portion of their leiigth at either end, intermediate bars of an 15 or double-headed shape in their transverse section, the several bars being afterwards welded together at the ends of the axle, for the length of the sockets or thercabouts it is designed to fit; secondly, my invention consists, in connection withaxles which i are made up of segmental bars, arranged to give a reverse or double conical character to the axle, in casting the outer ring and central brace or stay to thesainein one piece, with orifices in it, through which the segmental bars are passed, which construction prevents slipping of the ring; thirdly, my invention consists in casting on the ends of and so as to constitute an entirety with the axle, the eyes or hubs to the wheels, and bearings to the same, which may thus be made solid with the axle and chilled.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, the axle A, one-half or portion in length only of which is shown, is made up of segmental bars a, arranged as described, when united in the completion of the axle, to form what may be termed the double frustum of a cone or double truss, said bars being for the most part separated, or having spaces 6 between them. The advantages of such description of hollow and open-work axle, made up of separate and independent bars being understood, it will be unnecessary to advert to them here. As there has, however, heretofore been a difiiculty in co'nstructing and giving a solid character, and uniform shape to such doubletruss axles, prior to welding up the ends, Iintroduce forthelength of the sockets or thereabouts, between the bars a, I-shaped bars a, which serve to give an internal and external support to the segmental bars a, whilst heating them for welding, and during the process of hammering up or incorporating into a solid annular mass thenxle at its ends, by welding together the bars a and c. v v

In double-truss axles of the character described, it has heretofore been customary, in order to stiiicn and brace them at the centre, to furnish them with an interior brace, and separate outside ring. This detached construction, however, of a centre tie is objectionable, and the outside ring has anatural tendency to work down or along the tapered axle. To remedy this defect, I construct the central brace and outer ring all in one piece 13, with cavities s in it, through which the segmental bars a pass. By this construction, increased stiiiness is secured, and the outer ring restrained from slipping down either taper run of the bars, by the interior portion of B or brace, acting as a wedge in the diminishing body of the axle, to restrain such movement of the outside ring.

On the ends of the axle thus made or otherwise constructed, I; cast, so as to form an entirety with the axle, the eyes or hubs O to the wheels, together with the hearings or journals (Z, which should be cast in a matrix, so as to give them a chilled character. These eyes or hubs may either be of a hollow construction, or of a plate-form, with outside ribs, and may be of a diameter which will constitute a considerable portion of the size of the wheel of which said hub forms part, it fitting within what may be termed a tire-rim, D, that may be of a chilled character on its periphcay, or wholly chilled, or of steel. The wheel is thus made-up of two parts,

that is an enlarged hu'b cast on to and thereby made solid with the axle and outer annular portion, which construction equalizes tension in casting, by allowing of uniform expansion in all directions of both pieces. Such wheel may be made either of plain solid, corrugated, or open-work character. To provide for lateral thrust,

which, in the running of car-wheels, is'in an outward direction, and is apt to burst the eye of the wheel, I constrnct the hub 0 preferably of a taper-form, and the recess in the tire-rim D of similar configuration, that is, the outside diameter of the recess smaller than the inside one, and form the hub C with a flange or flanges, e, to better distribute the strain produced by lateral thrust. Serewsf, or other suitable fastenings, may be used to hold the hub and tire-rim togetheia- In addition to the advantages already specified for such construction of wheel, much economy will be induced, by reason of the facility which is afi'orded for meeting the demands of wear by removal of the worn tire-rim, and replacement of a new one without destroying or removing the whole wheel.

What is here claimed, and desired to secure by. Letters Patent, is

1. In reversely conical-shaped axles, made up of segmental 'bars, as described, the insertion, between the latter, and welding with them at theirends, of I-shaped bars, substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with a reversely conical-shaped axle, composed of segmental or separate bars, arranged as specified, of the outer ring and interior central brace 13, east in one piece, and through which the liars are run or passed, as herein set forth.

iii The combination, with the axle made of Wrought metal, of the wheel-hubs or central portions cast thereon, together with their bearings or journals, essentially as specified.

JAMES MONTGOMERY. Witnesses:

J. W. Cooams, G. W. REED. 

